Vayeira 18:19 · unit 3

Parashas Vayeira · Passuk 18:19

The Complete Passuk

כִּ֣י יְדַעְתִּ֗יו לְמַ֩עַן֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יְצַוֶּ֜ה אֶת־בָּנָ֤יו וְאֶת־בֵּיתוֹ֙ אַחֲרָ֔יו וְשָֽׁמְרוּ֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ יְהֹוָ֔ה לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת צְדָקָ֖ה וּמִשְׁפָּ֑ט לְמַ֗עַן הָבִ֤יא יְהֹוָה֙ עַל־אַבְרָהָ֔ם אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֖ר עָלָֽיו׃

For I have known him, in order that he may command his children and his household after him to keep the way of Hashem by doing righteousness and justice, so that Hashem may bring upon Avraham that which He has spoken concerning him.

Chabad / Judaica Press

Source Citation

Torah Temimah points to Yevamos 79a.

TT lemma: צדקה ומשפט.

Sefaria — Yevamos 79a

Core Text of Chazal

Core Text
צְדָקָה וּמִשְׁפָּט. תַּנְיָא, שְׁלֹשָׁה סִימָנִים בְּאֻמַּת יִשְׂרָאֵל: רַחֲמָנִים, בַּיְשָׁנִים, וְגוֹמְלֵי חֲסָדִים; גּוֹמְלֵי חֲסָדִים דִּכְתִיב כִּי יְדַעְתִּיו לְמַעַן אֲשֶׁר יְצַוֶּה אֶת בָּנָיו וְאֶת בֵּיתוֹ אַחֲרָיו וְשָׁמְרוּ דֶּרֶךְ ה׳ לַעֲשׂוֹת צְדָקָה וּמִשְׁפָּט.

English: “Righteousness and justice.” It was taught: Three signs characterize the nation of Israel—they are merciful, bashful, and performers of kindness. Performers of kindness, as it is written, “For I have known him… to do righteousness and justice.”

On the daf / in context: The verse is the scriptural source for identifying gemilut chasadim as one of the three defining traits of the Jewish people.

Type of Learning

Derash on the verse (Bavli sugya) — not a formal named middah of the 13. The phrase supplies the biblical warrant for a national character trait.

What Is Learned

One of the three identifying signs of Israel is that they are performers of kindness; the source is Avraham’s charge to practice tzedakah and mishpat.