Parashas Tetzaveh · Passuk 30:1
Chabad.org — English translation + Rashi
Torah Temimah points to Kesubos 10b (verified).
Sefaria — Exodus 30:1
Sefaria — Kesubos 10b
E-Daf — Kesubos 10b
English: Rabbi Elazar interprets the name mizbeach as expressing four functions: it averts harsh decrees, sustains, endears Israel to their Father in Heaven, and atones.
On the daf / in context: See the cited source for the full section.
Derash on the verse.
The derashah reads the name מזבח as a fourfold description of the altar’s spiritual functions.