Vayeira 20:3 · unit 3

Parashas Vayeira · Passuk 20:3

The Complete Passuk

וַיָּבֹ֧א אֱלֹהִ֛ים אֶל־אֲבִימֶ֖לֶךְ בַּחֲל֣וֹם הַלָּ֑יְלָה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֗וֹ הִנְּךָ֥ מֵת֙ עַל־הָאִשָּׁ֣ה אֲשֶׁר־לָקַ֔חְתָּ וְהִ֖וא בְּעֻ֥לַת בָּֽעַל׃

And God came to Avimelech in a dream of the night and said to him, “Behold, you are a dead man because of the woman whom you have taken, for she is a man’s wife.”

Chabad / Judaica Press

Source Citation

Torah Temimah points to Sanhedrin 57b.

TT lemma: בעולת בעל.

Sefaria — Sanhedrin 57b

Core Text of Chazal

Core Text
בְּעֻלַת בָּעַל. תָּנָא רַבִּי חֲנִינָא, וְהִיא בְּעֻלַת בָּעַל; בְּעֻלַת בָּעַל יֵשׁ לָהֶם לִבְנֵי נֹחַ, נִכְנְסָה לַחֻפָּה וְלֹא נִבְעֲלָה אֵין לָהֶם.

English: “A man’s wife.” Rabbi Chanina taught: “And she is a man’s wife”—the category of a married woman applies to the children of Noach, but a woman who entered the bridal canopy and has not yet had relations does not [count as married for them].

On the daf / in context: The verse supplies the definition of adultery for Noachides: only a fully consummated marriage creates the prohibition.

Type of Learning

Derash on the verse (Bavli sugya) — not a formal named middah of the 13. The phrase delimits the Noachide law of adultery.

What Is Learned

For the children of Noach, the prohibition of adultery applies only to a woman who is a “be’ulat ba’al” (consummated marriage); a mere bridal-canopy without relations does not yet create that status.