Vayeira 19:24 · unit 1

Parashas Vayeira · Passuk 19:24

The Complete Passuk

וַֽיהֹוָ֗ה הִמְטִ֧יר עַל־סְדֹ֛ם וְעַל־עֲמֹרָ֖ה גׇּפְרִ֣ית וָאֵ֑שׁ מֵאֵ֥ת יְהֹוָ֖ה מִן־הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃

And Hashem rained upon Sedom and upon Amorah sulfur and fire from Hashem out of heaven.

Chabad / Judaica Press

Source Citation

Torah Temimah points to Sanhedrin 104b.

TT lemma: וה' המטיר.

Sefaria — Sanhedrin 104b

Core Text of Chazal

Core Text
וַה׳ הִמְטִיר. וּבִירוּשָׁלַיִם כְּתִיב מִמָּרוֹם שָׁלַח אֵשׁ, וּכְתִיב וַיִּגְדַּל עֲוֹן בַּת עַמִּי מֵחַטַּאת סְדוֹם; וְכִי מַשּׂוֹא פָּנִים יֵשׁ בַּדָּבָר? אָמַר רַבָּה אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹחָנָן, מִדָּה יְתֵרָה הָיְתָה בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם שֶׁלֹּא הָיְתָה בִּסְדוֹם; דְּאִלּוּ בִּסְדוֹם כְּתִיב הִנֵּה זֶה הָיָה עֲוֹן סְדוֹם אֲחוֹתֵךְ גָּאוֹן שִׂבְעַת לֶחֶם וְיַד עָנִי וְאֶבְיוֹן לֹא הֶחֱזִיקָה, וְאִלּוּ בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם כְּתִיב יְדֵי נָשִׁים רַחֲמָנִיּוֹת בִּשְּׁלוּ יַלְדֵיהֶן.

English: “And Hashem rained…” Concerning Jerusalem it is written “From on high He sent fire,” and it is written “The iniquity of the daughter of my people is greater than the sin of Sedom.” Is there favoritism in the matter? Rabbah said in the name of Rabbi Yochanan: Jerusalem had an additional measure that Sedom did not have. Of Sedom it is written, “Behold, this was the iniquity of Sedom your sister: pride, fullness of bread… and she did not strengthen the hand of the poor and needy.” But of Jerusalem it is written, “The hands of compassionate women have boiled their own children.”

On the daf / in context: The comparison of the two destructions explains why Jerusalem’s punishment is described as greater: its inhabitants sank to a cruelty beyond that of Sedom.

Type of Learning

Derash on the verse (Bavli sugya) — not a formal named middah of the 13. Parallel prophetic language is used to measure relative guilt.

What Is Learned

Jerusalem’s sin exceeded Sedom’s because, beyond withholding charity, its people reached the point of boiling their own children; Sedom’s guilt was pride and neglect of the poor.