Vayeira 18:2 · unit 1

Parashas Vayeira · Passuk 18:2

The Complete Passuk

וַיִּשָּׂ֤א עֵינָיו֙ וַיַּ֔רְא וְהִנֵּה֙ שְׁלֹשָׁ֣ה אֲנָשִׁ֔ים נִצָּבִ֖ים עָלָ֑יו וַיַּ֗רְא וַיָּ֤רׇץ לִקְרָאתָם֙ מִפֶּ֣תַח הָאֹ֔הֶל וַיִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ אָֽרְצָה׃

He lifted his eyes and saw, and behold, three men were standing over him; he saw, and he ran toward them from the entrance of the tent, and he bowed to the ground.

Chabad / Judaica Press

Source Citation

Torah Temimah points to Bava Metzia 86b.

TT lemma: והנה שלשה אנשים.

Sefaria — Bava Metzia 86b

Core Text of Chazal

Core Text
וְהִנֵּה שְׁלֹשָׁה אֲנָשִׁים. מַאן נִינְהוּ שְׁלֹשָׁה אֲנָשִׁים? מִיכָאֵל וּגַבְרִיאֵל וּרְפָאֵל; מִיכָאֵל שֶׁבָּא לְבַשֵּׂר אֶת שָׂרָה, רְפָאֵל לְרַפְּאוֹת אֶת אַבְרָהָם, וּגַבְרִיאֵל דְּאָזֵל לְמַהְפְּכָהּ לִסְדוֹם.

English: “And behold, three men.” Who were these three men? Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael: Michael came to announce to Sarah, Raphael to heal Avraham, and Gabriel went to overturn Sedom.

On the daf / in context: Bava Metzia 86b identifies the three visitors as the angels Michael, Gabriel, and Raphael, each assigned a distinct mission; one angel does not perform two missions.

Type of Learning

Derash on the verse (Bavli sugya) — not a formal named middah of the 13. The three figures are identified by their later actions and by the principle that one angel is not given two tasks.

What Is Learned

The three men were the angels Michael (to announce Yitzchak’s birth), Raphael (to heal Avraham), and Gabriel (to destroy Sedom); each had a single mission.