English: “According to what each person eats you shall make your count” — to exclude a sick person, an elderly person, or a minor who cannot eat an olive’s bulk, and likewise to exclude an uncircumcised person and one who is tamei.
On the daf / in context: See the cited source for the full section.
Type of Learning
Derash on the verse (Pesachim) — not a formal named middah of the 13.
What Is Learned
Those who cannot eat a kezayis, and the uncircumcised or tamei, are not counted for the Pesach.