Vayigash 45:3 · unit 1

Parashas Vayigash · Passuk 45:3

The Complete Passuk

וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יוֹסֵ֤ף אֶל־אֶחָיו֙ אֲנִ֣י יוֹסֵ֔ף הַע֥וֹד אָבִ֖י חָ֑י וְלֹֽא־יָכְל֤וּ אֶחָיו֙ לַעֲנ֣וֹת אֹת֔וֹ כִּ֥י נִבְהֲל֖וּ מִפָּנָֽיו׃

Yosef said to his brothers, “I am Yosef. Is my father still alive?” But his brothers could not answer him, for they were alarmed before him.

Chabad / Judaica Press

Source Citation

Torah Temimah points to Chagigah 4b (and parallel midrashic formulations).

TT lemma: ולא יכלו וגו'.

Sefaria — Chagigah 4b

Core Text of Chazal

Core Text
רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר כִּי מָטֵי לְהַאי קְרָא הֲוָה בָּכֵי, אָמַר: וּמַה תּוֹכֵחָה שֶׁל בָּשָׂר וָדָם כְּתִיב בַּהּ ״וְלֹא יָכְלוּ אֶחָיו לַעֲנוֹת אוֹתוֹ כִּי נִבְהֲלוּ מִפָּנָיו״ — תּוֹכֵחָה שֶׁל הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא עַל אַחַת כַּמָּה וְכַמָּה.

English: When Rabbi Elazar reached this verse he would weep. He said: If the rebuke of flesh and blood produces the reaction “and his brothers could not answer him, for they were alarmed before him,” how much more so the rebuke of the Holy One, blessed be He.

On the daf / in context: Chagigah records Rabbi Elazar’s emotional reaction to the verse. The midrashic parallels intensify the same point: if Yosef’s brothers could not withstand his rebuke, how much more so when the Holy One rebukes each person according to his deeds.

Type of Learning

Derash on the verse (Bavli / midrash) — not a formal named middah of the 13. The narrative reaction of the brothers is taken as a measure of the force of human rebuke and, a fortiori, of divine rebuke.

What Is Learned

If the brothers could not answer Yosef’s rebuke, how much more will a person be unable to answer when the Holy One rebukes him.