וַֽיִּקְרְע֖וּ שִׂמְלֹתָ֑ם וַֽיַּעֲמֹס֙ אִ֣ישׁ עַל־חֲמֹר֔וֹ וַיָּשֻׁ֖בוּ הָעִֽירָה׃
Then they rent their clothes, and laded every man his ass, and returned to the city.
Bereshit Rabbah 92:8, as cited by Rashi on Bereishis 44:13.
Sefaria · Bereshit Rabbah 92:8
וַיִּקְרְעוּ שִׂמְלוֹתָם... רַבִּי פִּנְחָס בְּשֵׁם רַבִּי הוֹשַׁעְיָה: הַשְּׁבָטִים גָּרְמוּ לְאָבִיהֶם לִקְרֹעַ, לְפִיכָךְ אַף הֵם נִצְטָעֲרוּ.
English: “They rent their garments…” Rabbi Pinchas said in the name of Rabbi Hoshaya: the tribes caused their father to rend, therefore they too were afflicted.
On the daf / in context: Bereshit Rabbah reads their rending as measure-for-measure: the brothers who once caused Yaakov to rend his garment over Yosef now experience rending themselves. The same midrash continues by explaining their strength in loading the donkeys and their attitude toward the Egyptian city.
Type of Learning: Derash on the verse (classic midrash) — not a formal named middah of the 13.
What Is Learned: The brothers’ present grief is linked by the midrash to the grief they once caused their father.